Combined power and heating system and process.



T. e. E. LI'NDMARK. COMBINED POWER AND HEATING SYSTEM AND PROCESS.

v Arr-Llommn FILED MAR. 20, 1913. 1,090,485.

Patented Mar. 17,1914

Wikwmo:

ANT OFFICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 20, 1913. Serial N 0,755,691.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, TIlRE G. E. LINn MARK, a subject of the King of Sweden, and

a resident of Stockholm, Sweden, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Power and Heating Systems and Processes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a system of heating by means of steam or other hot working fluid discharged from a heat motor after the doing of work in such motor; and my invention is particularly applicable to multistage heat motors stage steam turbines, compound, triple expansion, and quadruple expansion, reciprocating steam engines, etc.), and comprises a process of variably regulating the pro. portion of initial heat energy converted 0 intopower to that imparted as heat, and an apparatus for carrying out said process.

In this specification I will hereafter describe my invention as applied to a multistage steam motor, but it is to be understood that the steam motor is referred to as representing heat motors generally, and that steam is referred to as a working fluid, as rfiepresenting heated working fluids genera lv.

According to my invention steam is withdrawn from the steam motor at a plurality of points, one point of withdrawal being, customarily, the ordinary tion, the other point of withdrawal being a point intermediate the point of steam supply and such ordinary exhaust connection, and being, therefore, a point at which the steam has expanded partially only, and therefore is at a higher temperature than at the point of normal exhaust; and the plurality of steam currents so withdrawn from the motor are discharged into separate steam heaters maintained, customarily, though not necessarily, at different temperatures, .(be-.

cause of the different temperatures of the steam currents supplied to them).- In most cases, these steam heaters are condensers, which condense the steam supplied to them and in so doing heat water or other cooling fluid, which cooling fluids are customarily used for heating elsewhere; my system, as applied to steam motors, being a development of what is commonly termed an exhaust heating system. However, my invcntiou contemplates more than the mere (for example, multi-- exhaust connecutilization of the waste, heat in exhaust steam, since it contemplates the delivery of power and heat in variable relation to each other; that is to say, contemplates the development of greater or less power in the motor, and less or greater heat in the heating system, as conditions may require.

In the accompanying drawing I have illustrated diagrammatically a heating and power-generating system embodying my invention, said drawing showing more or less diagrammatically and in elevation a multistage steam turbine, and showing more or less diagrammatically and in vertical section two condensers connected to suchturone at an intermediate point, and the to the ordinary exhaust connection; together with heating conduits served by such condensers.

I In said drawing, 1 designates the steam turbine, and- 2 and 3 designate condensers and heaters, of which condenser 2' is connected to the turbine, at 'a 'point of intermediate expansion a pipe 4 provided with a regulating valve 5; while the other condenser, 3, is connected to the exhaust end of the turbine by the ordinary exhaust conduit 6. I have indi: cated condensers 2 and 3 of the ordinary surface condenser type; but it is to be understood that these illustrations of consense, illustrations of condensers generally, and that condensers of any other type, for example, jet condensers, densers, atmospheric condensers, etc., may be employed without departing tfrom the 'spirit and scope of my invention; and likewise, steam-heated apparatus a of various other types may be substituted for the condensers, without departing from the spirit and scope ofmy invention; for the condensers, 2 and 3, illustrated, are employed as generic illustrations of any type of apparatus suitable to be heated by hot work- However, in a steam heating system such as constitutes the specific embodiment of my invention illustrated, and in which water or other liquid heat-carrier is to be circulated, closed condensers, or heaters, such as the surface condensers illustrated, are desirable, for the reason that, when such closed heaters are employedin connection with a closed circulation system,

Patented Mar. 17,1914.

of the working fluid, by;

barometric con-' mg fluid discharged from a heat engine.

densers of a particular type are, in a broad excess head on the return water or heating fluid circulated is not lost.

In the particular construction shown, the

condenser or heater 2 comprises a shell 7,

end tube sheets 8 and 9, tubes 10 supported by said tubesheets and passing through the interior of shell 7 and headersgll and 12.

caused to ow through the tubes 10 and thence into'the other header, and thence passes into the external heating system. I

ave indicated the condenser and heater 2 supply hot water or other heating flui d to a closed circulating system 13 containing a heating coil 14; (which coil 14 is designed to serve as representing, generically, anything to be heated by the fluid circulated through ipe 13) and similarly, I have illustrated t e condenser and heater 3 as arranged to supply hot water or other heat fluid to a closed circulatin system 15 comprising a heating coil 16 (thi coil 16'beas arranged to ing likewise a diagrammatic illustration ofanything to be heated by the heat fluid circulated through the system 15). The return end of System13 is connected to the header 11 of condenser 2, and the return end of the circulating system 15 is connected to the corresponding header of condenser 3; Suitable valves 17 and 18 are provided in these two circulating systems, wherebythe flow through these systems may be regulated as desired; and'I have also indicated a .yalved cross connection 19 between the two circulating systems 18 and 15, whereby, whendesired, more or less of the fluid heated in condenser 3 may be supplied to the fluid to be heatedin condenser 2; condenser 3 then serving as a preheater for condenser 2. It will be obvious that, independent of any means for forcing circulation through the heating systems 13 and 15, circulation will normally exist in such systems, when the condensers 2 and 3 are receiving steam, .by thermosiphon action; however, it is preferable to provide forced circulation in these heating systems; for which reason pumps 20 and 21 are preferably provided. These pumps may be driven in any suitable manner.

The temperature of the steam supplied through connection 4 to the condenser and heater 2 will naturally be higher than that of the steam supplied, through the normal ezihaust connection 6, to the condenser and heater 3; The temperature of the cooling water supplied by circulating system-13 to the condenser 2 will, in most cases, be relatively high and,-,therefore, there will exist, in the condensing space of condenser 2, a

relatively low vacuum or even back pressure (13. 6., pressure above atmosphere;) the-pressure obtaining in condenser 2 depending u on the rate of circulation of the fluid in circulatin system 13, and the capacity of such heatlng system to radiate heat, and therefore to cool the fluid circulating through that system, and depending also upon whether the cross connection 19 from con denser 3 to condenser 2 is open or not; and depending also, of course, on the temperature of the steam supplied from motor 1 to condenser 2 and the rate at which such steam is supplied. By regulating the circulation of cooling fluid through the condenseiz2', which regulation maybe effected by means of the valve 17 or by varying the speed of the pump 20, or by both, the temperature of the cooling water of condenser 2 may be varied; so varying the back pressure or degree of vacuum in said condenser 2; and by the same means, or, by regulating the valve 5, the proportion of steam delivered'by the motor 1 tocondenser 2, to the total quantity of steam flowing through such motor 1, may be varied; and in thiswvay the motor may be caused to deliver power and heat in variable relation to each'other; more or less. of the total heat energy in the steam initially supplied to the turbine being transformed into power, and less or more of such initial heat energybeing transferred to the heating system 13, as desired.

'If desired means may be provided for connecting the condenser'2 to the motor 1 at various different points; and therefore I have indicated beside the connecti0n'4=, other valved connections 22 and 23. I have also indicated the condensers 2 and 3' as provided with the'usual condensate discharge connections, 24 and 25.

When the condensers" 2 and 3, or'one of them, are atmospheric condensers, the heatcomprising in combination a motor adapted to be operated'by a heatedexpansible workmg fluid, and two heaters connected to such motor at different points of expansion of the working fluid therein, two circulating 'ers and the other connected to the other of said heaters :ind each arranged to conduct heated fluid from and then to return such fluid to'its corresponding heater, for vaheaters being provided with n ce... I

conduits, one connected to one of said heat-.

ing fluid circulated. through the heating lines l, 1. A combined pqwer and heating system,

one of said 7 heated fluid from and then fluid to its corresponding heater, said secrying its heat absorbingcapacity without varying the heat absorbing capacity of the other said heater.

2. A combined power and heating system, comprising in. combination a motor adapted to be operated by aheated expansible work ing fluid, andtwo heaters connected to such .motor at different points of expansion of the working fluid therein,

two circulating conduits, one connected to one of said heaters and the otherconnected to the other of said heaters and each arranged to conduct heated fluid from and then to return such fluid to its corresponding heater, and a connection betweensaid heaters whereby the one heater may serve as a preheaterfor the other heater.

3. A combined power and'heating system,

- comprising in combination a motor adapted to' be operated by a heated .expansible working fluid, two heaters connected to such "motor at. different points of expansion of heated fluid from and then to return such fluid to its corresponding heater, one of said with means for vacapaclty, and a conheaters being provided rying its'heat absorbing nection between said heaters whereby the one heater may serve as other heater. I v

4. A combined power and heating system comprising in combination a heat motor adapted to be operated by, and in its operation to expand, a heated expansible worka preheater for the ing fluid, and two heaters connected to said motor, one of said heaters connected to the terminal exhaust connection of the other connected at an intermediate expansion point of such motor, two circulating conduits, one connected to one of said heaters and the other connected to the other of said heaters and each arranged to conduct to return such 0nd heater provided with means for varying its heat absorbing capacity without varying the heat absorbing capacity. of'the other said heater.

5. A combined power andheating system comprising in combination a heat motor adapted to be operated by, and in its operation to expand, a-heated expansible working fluid, and two heaters connected to said m0- tor, one ofsaid heaters connected to the terminal exhaust connection of such motor, the other connected at an intermediate expansion point of such motor, two circulating conduits, one connected to one of said heaters and the other connected'to the other of said heaters and each arranged to conduct heated fluid from and "then to return such comprising 'ing arranged to return such motor,

.variably regulating the fluid to its corresponding heater, and regulating means interposed between said motor and said second heater.

6. A combined power and heating system comprising in combination a heat mo tor adapted to be operatedby, and in its operation to expand, a heated expansible working'fluid, and two heaters connected to said motor, one of said heaters connected to the terminal exhaust connection the other connected at an intermediate expansion point of such motor, two circulating conduits, one connected to one of said heaters and the other connected to the other of said heaters and each arranged to conduct heated fluid from and then to return such fluid to its correspondingv heater, and a connection between said heaters whereby one serves asa preheater for the. other.

7 A combined power and heating system in combination a multistagesteam motor and two heaters and condensers arranged to receivesteam from different stages of said motor, one of said heaters arranged to receive steam from an intermediate stage of the motor, and a heating system to which such last mentioned heater and condenser is connected, for the flow therethrough of the cooling fluid of that condenser, such heating system provided with means for regulating such flow and becooling fluid received therefrom.

' 8. The herein described process of variably regulating development of power and heat in .a combined powerand heating system, which comprises expanding a heated expansible working fluid in a suitable motor, withdrawing a portion of such working fluid from an intermediate expansion point of the motor, and exchanging heat between the working fluid so. withdrawn and another of such motor,

to such condenser the i fluid to be heated, and variably regulating the rate-of absorption of heat by such secoird fluid, with respect to the rate of supply of working fluid to said motor, and thereby proportion of the initial heat energy of such working fluid converted into power to the heat energy imparted to said heating fluid.

9. The herein described process of variably regulating development of power and heat ina combined power and heating system, which comprises expanding a heated expansible working fluid in a suitable motor, withdrawing a portion of'such working fluid from an intermediate expansion point of the motor, and exchanging heat between withdrawn and another the working fluid so fluid to be heated, and variably regulating the rate of absorption of heat by such secondf fluid, with respect to the rate of of workingfluid to said motor, and thereby variably regulating the proportion of the supply initial heat energy of such working fluid In testimony whereof I have signed this converted into power to the heat energy imspecification in the presence of two subscribpartedto said heating fluid, withdrawing ing witnesses.

the remaining working ,fluid from the ter- TOR-E GnE. LINDMARK. s minal expanslon point of themotor, and ex- Witnesses:

changing heat between such terminal Work- WOLDEMAR BOWMAN,

ing fluid and another fluid to be heated. S. SJOGREN. 

